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Notes on how
AI answers work.

Methodology, research and guides. Written by the people who read the answers.

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GUIDES · How to appear in GeminiGemini plugs into the Google ecosystem, but the organic top 10 explains only 38% of citations in AI Overviews. Classic SEO as the entry ticket, schema and the Google listing, YouTube ahead of the citations, declared authorship, and why Gemini does not show up in Search Console.8 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to appear in Meta AIThe engine inside WhatsApp and Instagram exposes neither an API nor its sources. What is known, little as it is, the two Meta agents, the right name on the pages it reads, proximity questions, and how you measure it in a real session when there is no other way.6 min readRead
Laptop screen showing a search bar
GUIDES · How to appear in PerplexityPerplexity always searches the live web and always cites. YouTube at 32.4% of citations, communities carrying weight, and 52% of citations linking to the source without naming the brand. What to do to be read, and to be said.7 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · The funnel moved: the buying decision happens inside the answerThe traditional funnel descends through pages and leaves a trail; the AI-answer funnel happens inside a single answer and appears in no analytics. A stage-by-stage comparison, with real observations in Meta's assistant and Amazon's Rufus.9 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to advertise in ChatGPTChatGPT advertising reaches Portugal on 24 August 2026, along with the rest of the EEA and Switzerland. What changes for whoever sees it, what can be bought today and what cannot yet, and what to do this week so as not to arrive late.8 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to appear in ChatGPTChatGPT names a brand by two different paths, from memory and by live search, and each one demands different work. The mechanism, what to do for each, what you can verify on your site today, and how long each path takes to move.9 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to appear in Microsoft CopilotOf all the AI engines, Copilot is the one where the distance between what you do and what happens is shortest. The answers rest on Microsoft search, and the Bing index accepts being told what changed.7 min readRead
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RESEARCH · Why the AI called a vacuum cleaner an ironChatGPT recommended a Bosch vacuum cleaner and described it as an iron. We chased the cause down to the exact page it read, and it is there: twenty products in a list and not one of them declared as a product. The mechanism, the proof, and the fix.9 min readRead
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GUIDES · Six commands to find out whether the AI can read your siteBefore asking why the AI does not cite you, confirm that it reaches the site. Six checks you run in the terminal in five minutes, with real output and what to do when each one fails.7 min readRead
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GUIDES · Agentic buying: what changes for Portuguese shops when the AI buys on its ownIn the US, AI assistants already complete purchases inside the conversation. In Europe the shop window arrived, not the checkout. What already works in Portugal, where the price, stock and delivery data come from, and what to prepare now.11 min readRead
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GUIDES · What to expect in the first 90 days with a GEO consultancyThe calendar we practise, week by week, and the three promises no consultancy controls in that window. A yardstick for any proposal.10 min readRead
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GUIDES · How much a GEO consultancy costs in PortugalThere is no public price table, and no market study behind one. What there is: three formats, the drivers that move the price, and one directional reference from classic SEO.9 min readRead
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GUIDES · A GEO agency in Lisbon for B2B SaaS: how to decideFew suppliers have GEO as their main activity, and the names the engines return come mostly from classic SEO. What the location actually changes, and the criteria that separate.8 min readRead
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GUIDES · Hire a GEO consultancy or build it in house?Four criteria you can weigh in an afternoon, the real cost of each route, and the hybrid that usually wins: method and measurement outside, execution inside.9 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to audit your brand's visibility in AIAn honest method for measuring whether AI assistants recommend your brand: questions, engines, metrics and the mistakes that invalidate an audit.9 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · GEO and AEO are the same thing, and where the difference mattersGEO and AEO describe the same work: making a brand citable by the engines that generate answers. The difference is one of market and of period, not of method.7 min readRead
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GUIDES · How to choose a GEO consultancy for B2B SaaS in PortugalThe objective criteria for assessing whoever does AI visibility for B2B SaaS: a declared method, its own measurement, scope beyond the technical, and an SEO base.10 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · llms.txt vs robots.txt: what each one is forTwo files at the root of the site, two different jobs: robots.txt controls who gets in, llms.txt indexes the content. How to configure them for the AI engines.7 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · What entity authority is, and why it decides whether the AI cites youBefore recommending a brand, an engine has to recognise it as an entity. Entity authority is the work of building that recognition, and it weighs most in the model's training memory.8 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · Knowledge and augmented: the two answer modes of AIAsk the same question with search off and with search on and you get two different answers, with different brands. Knowledge measures accumulated reputation; augmented measures current technical hygiene.8 min readRead
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RESEARCH · Google made GEO official: legitimation with rulesOn 5 June 2026 Google named GEO and AEO as legitimate service categories in its documentation. The useful reading is not demotion, it is legitimation with rules.9 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · SEO and GEO: the base matters, and it is no longer enoughSEO is what lets an engine find and read your site. It is not what makes a model cite your brand. The order matters: base first, then the layer on top.7 min readRead
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GUIDES · When GEO is not worth it: four blunt criteria for B2B SaaSGEO is not universal. Four criteria identify the companies for which waiting is the right answer, and all four are about the mechanism of the purchase, not the size of the company.7 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · Where the AI learns about your brandA model does not have a database of companies. It has what it read. If your brand is not in the sources it read, it does not exist for the model, and absence raises no alarm.7 min readRead
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RESEARCH · The day the search box stopped existingWhat Google I/O 2026 changed, and why organic visibility work in Portugal will have to be rethought.8 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · How to appear in Google AI Mode in 2026: a technical checklistSeven concrete actions to get into Google AI Mode answers: schema, llms.txt, FAQ, external authority. No promises, just the work.8 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · How to measure GEO: citation rate, share of voice and mentionThree metrics to tell whether the GEO work is paying off: citation rate, share of voice and mention lift, with a methodology you can run in-house.7 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · Schema.org for B2B SaaS: the minimum viable in JSON-LDThe five schema types every B2B SaaS company needs, with JSON-LD snippets ready to paste: Organization, Service, FAQPage, BreadcrumbList and Article.9 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · What llms.txt is and how to create yoursA practical specification of llms.txt, the markdown file at the root of the site that AI crawlers read before the HTML. Structure, rules, a real example and the mistakes to avoid.8 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · GEO vs SEO: what changes in 2026 for Portuguese companiesA direct comparison between classic SEO and Generative Engine Optimization. What stays the same, what changed, and what that means for Portuguese B2B companies in 2026.11 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · Why your B2B SaaS does not appear in ChatGPTFive technical reasons your B2B SaaS company is invisible in ChatGPT, Claude and Perplexity, and what to do today to turn it around.9 min readRead
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METHODOLOGY · IN WRITINGMentioned is not chosenWhy share of recommendation matters more than share of voice, and how we measure the difference.Not published yet
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RESEARCH · IN WRITINGAPI answers show half the pictureOnly 24% of brands match between the API answer and the answer inside the app. What that means for measurement.Not published yet
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RESEARCH · IN WRITINGSeven sources or sixteenThe same question cites 7 sources through the API and 16 inside the app. Where the extra sources come from.Not published yet
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GUIDES · IN WRITINGWrite questions the way buyers askKeywords describe a search. Questions describe a decision. How to turn one into the other.Not published yet
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METHODOLOGY · IN WRITINGSignal or noise: why we repeat every questionAI answers change between runs. Repeats separate a real movement from a lucky answer.Not published yet
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GUIDES · IN WRITINGSEO and AI answers are two layersDifferent sources, different winners. Where classic search and the generated answer diverge.Not published yet
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PRODUCT · IN WRITINGReading your first Periscopy reportCitation rate, position, share of voice and the action plan, in the order you should read them.Not published yet
The pieces with a date can be read. The ones marked IN WRITING cannot yet: each becomes a link when it is published, with its date.